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Philosophers

Mortimer Adler
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Alexander of Aphrodisias
Samuel Alexander
William Alston
Anaximander
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Anselm
Louise Antony
Thomas Aquinas
Aristotle
David Armstrong
Harald Atmanspacher
Robert Audi
Augustine
J.L.Austin
A.J.Ayer
Alexander Bain
Mark Balaguer
Jeffrey Barrett
William Barrett
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Henri Bergson
George Berkeley
Isaiah Berlin
Richard J. Bernstein
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Robert Bishop
Max Black
Susanne Bobzien
Emil du Bois-Reymond
Hilary Bok
Laurence BonJour
George Boole
Émile Boutroux
Daniel Boyd
F.H.Bradley
C.D.Broad
Michael Burke
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C.A.Campbell
Joseph Keim Campbell
Rudolf Carnap
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Nancy Cartwright
Gregg Caruso
Ernst Cassirer
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Anthony Collins
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Bas van Fraassen
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R.M.Hare
Georg W.F. Hegel
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Thomas Nagel
Otto Neurath
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John Norton
P.H.Nowell-Smith
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David F. Pears
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Steven Pinker
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Huw Price
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Alan Sidelle
Ted Sider
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Saul Smilansky
Michael Smith
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L. Susan Stebbing
Isabelle Stengers
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Peter Strawson
Eleonore Stump
Francisco Suárez
Richard Taylor
Kevin Timpe
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Kadri Vihvelin
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R. Jay Wallace
W.G.Ward
Ted Warfield
Roy Weatherford
C.F. von Weizsäcker
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Alfred North Whitehead
David Widerker
David Wiggins
Bernard Williams
Timothy Williamson
Ludwig Wittgenstein
Susan Wolf

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David Albert
Michael Arbib
Walter Baade
Bernard Baars
Jeffrey Bada
Leslie Ballentine
Marcello Barbieri
Gregory Bateson
Horace Barlow
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Mara Beller
Charles Bennett
Ludwig von Bertalanffy
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Margaret Boden
David Bohm
Niels Bohr
Ludwig Boltzmann
Emile Borel
Max Born
Satyendra Nath Bose
Walther Bothe
Jean Bricmont
Hans Briegel
Leon Brillouin
Stephen Brush
Henry Thomas Buckle
S. H. Burbury
Melvin Calvin
Donald Campbell
Sadi Carnot
Anthony Cashmore
Eric Chaisson
Gregory Chaitin
Jean-Pierre Changeux
Rudolf Clausius
Arthur Holly Compton
John Conway
Jerry Coyne
John Cramer
Francis Crick
E. P. Culverwell
Antonio Damasio
Olivier Darrigol
Charles Darwin
Richard Dawkins
Terrence Deacon
Lüder Deecke
Richard Dedekind
Louis de Broglie
Stanislas Dehaene
Max Delbrück
Abraham de Moivre
Bernard d'Espagnat
Paul Dirac
Hans Driesch
John Eccles
Arthur Stanley Eddington
Gerald Edelman
Paul Ehrenfest
Manfred Eigen
Albert Einstein
George F. R. Ellis
Hugh Everett, III
Franz Exner
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R. A. Fisher
David Foster
Joseph Fourier
Philipp Frank
Steven Frautschi
Edward Fredkin
Benjamin Gal-Or
Howard Gardner
Lila Gatlin
Michael Gazzaniga
Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen
GianCarlo Ghirardi
J. Willard Gibbs
James J. Gibson
Nicolas Gisin
Paul Glimcher
Thomas Gold
A. O. Gomes
Brian Goodwin
Joshua Greene
Dirk ter Haar
Jacques Hadamard
Mark Hadley
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E. O. Wilson
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Semir Zeki
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Wojciech Zurek
Konrad Zuse
Fritz Zwicky

Presentations

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Free Will
Mental Causation
James Symposium
 
Free Will: The Scandal in Philosophy

Free Will: The Scandal in Philosophy was published June 19, 2011.

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480 pages, 40 figures, 15 sidebars, glossary, bibliography, index.

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Contents Click to download chapter
Covers

Front Matter

About the Cover
What Philosophers Are Saying About Free Will
Why The Free Will Scandal Should Matter To You
Title Pages
Dedication
Table of Contents
List of Figures
List of Sidebars

Preface, xvii
1. Introduction, 1

How to Use this Book, 1; On Omniscience, Omnipotence, Benevolence, 5; About Information Philosophy and Physics, 8; Two Steps in Cosmic Information Creation, 12; Information and Predictability, 13

2. The Free Will Scandal, 14

A Knowledge Scandal, 15; A Moral Scandal?, 17

3. Freedom, 18

Hobart's Determination, 23

4. The Standard Argument Against Free Will, 26

Part One - The Determinism Objection, 28; Part Two - The Randomness Objection, 29; Examples of the Standard Argument, 30; What’s Wrong with the Standard Argument?, 46; The Standard Argument in Antiquity, 49; Summary, 53

5. Requirements for Libertarian Free Will, 54

Part One - The Randomness Requirement, 55; Part Two - The Determinism Requirement, 56; Part Three - The Responsibility Requirement, 56; Freedom, Will, and Moral Responsibility, 57

6. A Taxonomy of Free Will Positions, 58

Van Inwagen’s Incompatibilism Changes the Taxonomy, 60

7. The History of the Free Will Problem, 68

The PreSocratics, 70; Aristotle, 71; The Stoics, 74; Hellenistic Thinking, 75; Early Christians, 75; Classicists, 76-83; Scholastics, 83; The Renaissance, 84; The Rationalists, 84; The Empiricists, 85; Probabilists, 89; Kant, 90; Five Post-Kantian Shocks, 92; Evolution , 92; Thermodynamics, 92; Logic, 93; Quantum Mechanics, 93; Mathematics, 93; Determinists, 94; Libertarians, 94; Compatibilists, 94; Germans in the 19th century, 95; Rise of Statistical Thinking, 96; Quantum Indeterminacy, 102; Quantum Mysteries, 109; Free Will Specialists, 112; Experimental Philosophy, 128; Forking Paths, 130

8. Actual, Possible, Probable, 132

Actualism, Possibilism, Probabilism, 143

9. Determinisms, 144

The Determinisms, 146

10. Libertarianism, 152

11. Compatibilism, 156

Giving Compatibilists What They Say They Want, 158

12. Two-Stage Models of Free Will, 160

James, 161; Poincaré, 165; Hadamard, 165; Compton, 166; Adler, 167; Popper, 168; Margenau, 170; Dennett 171; Kane, 172; Long and Sedley, 176; Penrose, 177; Annas, 177; Mele, 178; Fischer, 179; Kosslyn, 181; Searle, 183; Heisenberg, 184

13. The Cogito Model, 186

Micro Mind 190; Macro Mind, 192; Six Critical Aspects Of Chance, 195; Temporal Sequence, 196; Doing Otherwise, 197; Second Thoughts, 199; Undetermined Liberties, 200; Free Thoughts, Willed Actions, 200; The Cogito Compared to Other Models, 201

14. Objections to Two-Stage Models 204

Daniel Dennett’s Objections, 205; Robert Kane’s Objections, 206; Richard Double’s Objections to Kane’s “dual rational control.”, 209; Alfred Mele’s Doubts about his own “Modest Libertarianism.”, 210; Randolph Clarke’s Objections to Dennett, Mele, Ekstrom, and Kane., 211; The Luck Objections of Thomas Nagel, Bernard Williams, and Alfred Mele, 216; Thomas Nagel, 217; Bernard Williams, 218; Alfred Mele, 219, How the Cogito Model Meets the Objections, 220

15. The Physics of Free Will, 222

Quantum Physics, 225; Special Relativity and the Block Universe, 225; Nonlocality and Entanglement, 228; The Free Will Theorem, 230; The Free Will Axiom, 231; The Contribution of Quantum Mechanics, 232

16. The Biology of Free Will, 234

Creativity in the Immune System, 236; Bacterial Chemotaxis, 237; An Error Detection and Correction System, 238; Neurotransmitter Release as a Noise Source, 238; Four Levels of Selection, 239

17. The Neuroscience of Free Will, 240

Libet’s Experiment, 241

18. Consciousness, 244

The Experience Recorder Reproducer (ERR), 245; Four Levels of Consciousness, 247

19. Moral Responsibility, 248

Peter Strawson Changed the Subject, 250; Are only Moral Decisions Free?, 251; Naturalism and Moral Responsibility, 252; The Fischer/Mele Hypothesis, 253; The Acquired Freedom of Self-Perfection, 253

20. Separability of Free Will and Moral Responsibility, 254

“Free” from “Will”, 256; “Moral” from “Responsibility.” 258; “Free Will” from “Moral Responsibility,” 259; SeparatePunishment, 260

21. Naturalism, 262

22. Creativity and Free Will, 274

Blind Variation and Selective Retention (BVSR), 276

23. Ted Honderich’s Determinism, 278

The Failure of Compatibilism and Incompatibilism, 280; Consequences of Determinism, 284; On Consciousness and Radical Externalism, 288; Consciousness as Existence, 290

24. Robert Kane’s Libertarianism, 294

Kane’s Libertarian Free Will Model, 297; Free Will and Values, 298; The Significance of Free Will, 303; A Contemporary Introduction to Free Will, 305; Four Views on Free Will, 310; The Cogito Model, 315; Kane’s SFAs, 316; Kane’s Businesswoman, 320; Kane in Barcelona, 320; Kane at Harvard, 322; The Oxford Handbook of Free Will, 323

25. Daniel Dennett’s Compatibilism, 324

Evolution as an Algorithmic Process, 329; How Quantum Indeterminism Might Matter?, 330; Laplace’s Demon, 331; Intelligent Designers, 331; Frankfurt Controllers, 332; Dennett’s Eavesdropper, 332; Creating New Memes, 333; Valerian Model, 333; Who’s Afraid of Indeterminism?, 334

26. Alfred Mele’s Modest Libertarianism, 336

Agnostic Autonomous Agents, 338; Modest Libertarianism, 338; Problem about Luck, 340; Modest Libertarianism (redux), 341; Mele’s Other Models for Free Will, 347; The Strawson/Fischer/Mele Hypothesis and Strawson/Doyle Hypothesis 350; Libet Experiments, 350; Big Questions in Free Will, 351

27. What If?, 352

What if Libertarians Had Accepted What Dan Dennett Gave To Them In 1978?, 353; It takes two - Cogito and Intelligo, 355; What If Kane and Dennett Had Done Otherwise?, 356

28. Comprehensive Compatibilism, 360

29. Ending The Scandal, 366

30. The Cosmic Creation Process, 374

Cosmic Creation and Free Will, 381; Information and Love, 383

31. Some Other Problems in Philosophy and Physics, 384

Some Philosophical Problems, 384, Some Physics Problems, 386

Glossary of Terms, 390

Bibliography, 430

Index, 448

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