Chance drives the variation in living things that natural and intelligent selection choose between to give us life, human beings, and our knowledge of the universe.

Chance gives us the alternative possibilities for acting that make us free and creative.

2. The universe is open and expanding and new information is emerging at every moment.

The mistaken idea in statistical physics that any particular distribution or arrangement of material particles has exactly the same information content as any other distribution is an anachronism from nineteenth-century statistical physics.

Hemoglobin	Diffusing	Completely Mixed Gas

If we measure the positions in phase space of all the atoms in a hemoglobin protein, we get a certain number of bits of data (the x, y, z, v_x, v_y, v_z values). If the chemical bonds are all broken allowing atoms to diffuse, or the atoms are completely randomized into an equilibrium gas with maximum entropy, we get different values, but the same amount of data. Does this mean that any particular distribution has exactly the same information?

This led many statistical physicists to claim that information is the same wherever the particles are, Macroscopic information is not lost, it just becomes microscopic information that can be completely recovered if the motions of every particle could be reversed. Reversibility allows all the gas particles to go back inside the bottle.

But the information in the hemoglobin is much higher and the disorder (entropy) near zero. A human being is not just a "bag of chemicals," despite plant biologist Anthony Cashmore. Each atom in hemoglobin is not merely in some volume limited by the uncertainty principle ℏ³, it is in a specific quantum cooperative relationship with its neighbors that support its biological function. These precise positional relationships make a passive linear protein into a properly folded active enzyme. Breaking all these quantum chemical bonds destroys life.

Boltzmann's formula for the entropy is the logarithm of the number W of possible distributions that produce the same macroscopic properties.

When gas particles can go anywhere in a container, the number of possible distributions is enormous and entropy is maximal. When atoms are bound to others in the hemoglobin structure, the number of possible distributions is essentially 1, and the logarithm of 1 is 0!

Even more important, the parts of every living thing are communicating information - signaling - to other parts, near and far, as well as to other living things. Information communication allows each living thing to maintain itself in a state of homeostasis, balancing all matter and energy entering and leaving, maintaining all vital functions. Statistical physics and chemical thermodynamics know nothing of this biological information.

In our initial "book of scandals" we present brief summaries of the major scandals/problems and their solutions in terms of the creation of information structures, their processes, functions, and, most important, their communications with one another.

Each scandal will become its own book, if the author lives long enough in the current age of the coronavirus (he will be 84 in June 2020). Many are already sections, or at least pages, in this I-Phi website, which has been a work in progress for over two decades.

Deep insight into the informational nature of reality will can show thinkers young and old why they are creators of our open future as human beings.