In addition to the great contributions of biophysics to the study of the mind, information philosophy focuses on the essential contributions of quantum physics.
For example, the quantum-physical solution to the problem of mental causation is 1) to demonstrate specific examples of quantum indeterminism in the boundary layers between matter and life that prevent the upward causation
Jaegwon Kim's "causal closure" argument requires.
Counterintuitively, 2) we show that the same indeterminism can be averaged out by large numbers of molecules to support the downward causation of
Roger Sperry,
Donald Campbell, and
Karl Popper. (This argument is used often to deny indeterminism in the brain.)
Finally, 3) quantum indeterminism in our first stage of "free" (chance) followed by an adequately determined "will" (choice) in a mind - understood as
immaterial information in the material brain, which is seen as a biological information processor. (I-Phi now places the locus of freedom in the
immaterial mind - cf.
René Descartes - as an agent tries to recall information from an inherently noisy storage medium.)
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