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Jean-Pierre Changeux
Jean-Pierre Changeux is a French neuroscientist who was a Ph.D. student of Jacques Monod and Monod's colleague who shared their Nobel Prize, François Jacob.
Changeux argues that the central nervous system is not merely reactive (to external and internal stimuli), but is interactive and originates actions.
In 1973, Changeux Changeux proposed a model describing how, during development of the nervous system, the activity of a network could cause the stabilization or regression of the synapses involved. He developed a formal model of synapse selection, which was a precursor of the "Neural Darwinism" theory of Gerald Edelman.
The way the brain learns from its interaction with the environment is the selective stabilization of pre-existing neuronal structures, as opposed to the idea of creating new information structures.
His 1985 book Neuronal Man: The Biology of Mind was a great popular success. Changeux gave us a wonderful history of the development of"The Organ of the Soul, from Ancient Egypt to the Belle Epoque." Many key ideas were discovered in Ancient Egypt only to be forgotten by Europeans for many centuries.
In his 1995 book, Conversations on Mind, Matter and Mathematics, Changeux claimed that the nervous system functions in an interactive rather than reactive style. Rather than being instructional, what he called "mental Darwinism" is selectional, choosing among a diversity of preexisting internal representations, what he and his younger colleague Stanislas Dehaene call "pre-representations.".
Changeux was strongly opposed to any suggestion of mind-body dualism
I notice too that when you speak of the relation of mathematical objects to physical objects, you use the term “fits” or “squares with” rather than “is identical with.” This framing metaphor permits you to describe physical reality in a very particular, even peculiar way. But if matter is organized according to mathematical laws—if mathematics is really to be found in nature—it seems to me that we should arrive at a perfect identification of mathematical objects with natural objects. And yet we don’t. According to you, this means that such laws are to be located somewhere else than in the physical world. But where? In some state, in some form, that you still haven’t defined. You end up with a sort of dualism—an abrupt cleavage, in fact—between matter and mathematics that reminds me of the Cartesian distinction between mind and body. This, as you’re well aware, is a distinction I don't accept.Edelman and Changeux in 1998 edited the important collection of articles for Daedalus magazine later published as the book Brain. For Teachers
For Scholars
Changeux recently wrote an introduction - avant-propos - for a colloquium at the College de France on The Life of Forms and Forms of Life.
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